What types of paint exist – types and marking

There are a tonne of options to choose from when selecting paint for your project. Paints are designed for particular purposes, surfaces, and circumstances; they are not just colors. Making an informed choice that will guarantee the best outcomes for your work can be facilitated by being aware of the various paint types and their markings.

The difference between water-based and oil-based paints is one of the most widely used paint type distinctions. Latex paints, also known as water-based paints, are well-liked for their speedy drying times and simplicity of application. For interior walls and ceilings, they are perfect. Conversely, oil-based paints are ideal for trim, doors, and other high-traffic areas because of their smooth finish and reputation for longevity.

In addition to the standard water-based and oil-based varieties, specialty paints are made for particular uses. Enamel paint, for instance, is frequently used on furniture and cabinetry and is renowned for its hard, glossy finish. Chalk paint is ideal for upcycling old furniture because it gives an antique, matte look. Additionally, there are anti-mold paints for damp environments and heat-resistant paints for surfaces exposed to high temperatures.

Additionally, paint markings can offer crucial details about the attributes of the product. These labels, which could read matte, satin, or high gloss, could be used to identify the gloss level. Additionally, they can indicate certain qualities like washability, resistance to weather, and environmental friendliness. Knowing these markings will help you choose a paint that will look good and function well in the conditions it will encounter.

Selecting the appropriate paint requires taking into account both the kind of paint and its unique characteristics. Your next painting project will be a success if you are familiar with the different options and their markings, as this will help you achieve the desired look and longevity. There is a paint that is ideal for any task, be it painting a room, safeguarding outdoor furniture, or creating an artistic masterpiece.

Types of Paint	Marking
Water-based paint	Usually marked with "W" or "WB" on the label.
Solvent-based paint	Marked with "S" or "SB" on the label.

Marking dyes with decoding

As per the latest Russian guidelines (GOST 9825-73), product labels consist of two Cyrillic alphabet letters and four to six Arab numerals, divided by a dash symbol.

The PF-155 code, for instance, shows:

• PF – a pentifal basis of the material;
• 1 – resistance to atmospheric influences;
• 15 – composition having serial number 15 (assigned when creating enamel).

GOST standards (applicable to Russian production products) or certification documents contain additional information on components. Always put the type of paint material (primer, enamel, etc.) in front of the code. A variety indicator (b-without solvents, in water-based or VD-water-dispersion compositions, o-organo-dyspersion and porum) is inserted before the digital combination for a number of materials. If a new identifier is added, it is marked with signs to distinguish it from groups that are close by.

Standardized coding of the fundamental foundation for building or repairing enamels (for both internal and external work):

• PA – polyamide;
• PC – polyacrylate;
• AS – based on copolymer compounds of polyacryl;
• AC – acetyl cellulose;
• BT – bitumen;
• Wa – polyvinyl acetate;
• Vl – polyvinylButial;
• VN – vinyl or vinyl acetate;
• GF – glypttal;
• ZhS – with the content of alkaline metal silicates (liquid glass);
• KK – based on natural resin (rosifoli);
• UR – polyurethane;
• KCh – rubber;
• NC – nitro -cellulose;
• PF – pentifal;
• FM-phenomenon-oil;
• EC – ethyl cellulose.

The primary purpose is indicated by digital codes:

• 0 – soils and varnishes, semi -finished products for the production of other paints and varnishes;
• 00 – putty (regardless of purpose);
• 1 – resistant to atmospheric influences;
• 2 – intended for the use of indoors (limitedly atmospheric);
• 3 – allowing to preserve structures made of metals;
• 4 – withstanding the effects of hot water and steam;
• 5 – designed for application on fur or leather products or possessing specific properties (for example, resistance to x -ray radiation);
• 6 – resistant to oil products (motor oil or fuel);
• 7 – designed for painting structures working in an aggressive environment (acids or alkalis and their vapors);
• 8 – resistant to temperature effects;
• 9 – possessing electrical insulating properties.

The type of olifa that is introduced into the material can be designated according to the Russian standard:

• 1 – natural;
• 2 – Oksol;
• 3 – glypttal;
• 4 – pentifal;
• 5 – combined.

International and regional standards are followed when labeling importable paint and coating materials. Certain Russian designations have a lower code number. For instance, the oil base of the enamel (MA) intended for internal work (2) containing combined olifa is indicated by the M-25 index. The material’s shade is always indicated by the designation (red-brown, blue, etc.).

They are identified with an additional digital identifier (e.g., yellow-1 or yellow-2, the number indicating the shade) and come in a wide range of color options. With the entry of the code by database, the standard permits an indication of the shade in accordance with the cardboard samples (for example, gray 571).

It can be challenging to comprehend the different types of enamels due to the numerous designations given to novice malarus; therefore, it is advised to speak with a store consultant or bring in an expert selection specialist.

Water -based paints

Materials based on distilled water are intended for use in both interior and exterior applications. They consist of extra binding elements that control the layer’s resistance to external (mechanical, thermal, or atmospheric) influences. Use sprayers, brushes, and rollers (for fur coats of any kind) during application. The coloring technique is selected based on the region and surface orientation in space.

• Water -based water paint facade;
• Water -based paint – species;
• Water -based acrylic paint

Dyes-emulsions

Emulsion materials are pigment and other ingredients suspended in water that, when the moisture evaporates, form a robust protective layer (resistant to washing and airborne sediments). To remove fresh paint from the tool or clothing, use warm water. The compositions exhibit enhanced environmental friendliness as no harmful substances are released into the air during application and drying. Because of the coating’s tiny pores, moisture can be drawn out of the base.

Acrylic paints

The materials are more elastic and are based on acrylic resins. Under the influence of UV light, the coating does not degrade and keeps its shade, allowing you to seal cracks up to 0.5 mm wide. Acrylic enamels, which are used, for instance, to paint concrete structures with reinforcing mesh or rods, shield the base from external water penetration. When applied to a dry surface, painting materials have high adhesion and are resistant to mechanical stress from the outside.

• Acrylic paint;
• Acrylic paint for the bathroom;
• Acrylic paint for furniture;
• Acrylic paint in spray cans;

Textured plasters

The category of water-based paints includes textured plasters that have other minerals or granite particles in them. When moisture evaporates from the surfaces, a decorative layer with a rough surface is left behind. By adding pigments to the composition, you can replicate the look of natural finishing materials. You can repair imperfections and fissures in the walls or ceilings with plaster.

Rollers with a silicone roller are used to create an original embossed pattern (for example, to simulate brick or masonry).

• Interior paint;
• Structural paint for walls;
• Paint with sparkles for walls;

Polyvinyl acetate

Polyvinyl acetate (PVA), pigments, and stabilizing additives are present in emulsion-type enamel, which gives the coating elasticity. The market provides prefabricated materials as well as paints with two ingredients (pigment and plasticizer) that must be mixed before using. Moisture evaporates over the course of two to three hours, leaving painted surfaces with a semi-uniform film that is resistant to both condensate’s effects and base deformation.

Latex dyes

The materials consist of a suspension of synthetic latex (based on acrylic, Uretanova, polyvinyl acetate, sinovsan, or butadiene-stirol basis), which when combined with pigments, forms an elastic film. The coating bears loads from outside sources and replicates the surface outlines. The layer is permeable to air, is not destroyed by hot or cold water, and retains its pigmentation even when exposed to UV light and chemical reagents (like detergents).

Silicone dyes

Silicate resins are used as the binder; the resulting coating passes air and is not blurred by water. Because of the layer’s great elasticity, paint cracks up to 2 mm wide can occur without putty needing to be used. Paints are intended to be applied to plaster two days after completion; the substance is antimicrobial and can be cleaned with both water and specific chemicals.

Any kind of coating made of minerals, such as those on brick or concrete walls or ceilings, is called enamel.

Mineral compositions

Crushed mineral-based materials are used in restoration and repair projects, or they can be used to adorn brick or concrete facades. Paints are frequently dry (in the form of powder) and must be diluted with water to the necessary consistency. The layer evaporatively removes excess moisture after solidification, prolonging the life of building facades. Synthetic resins are added to the composition to alter certain properties (like plasticity or adhesion to the base).

Mineral compositions are categorized based on the following principles:

• Lime (based on bastard lime) with inorganic dyes of light shades;
• cement (with the addition of Portland cement) contains slaughtered lime and calcium chloride;
• silicate, consisting of pigments resistant to alkalis and filler;
• Oil, consisting of a mixture of pigments and olifs with the addition of a sequcasa and additives that reduce the likelihood of sedimentation.

Based on organic solvents

Paints made with organic solvents (like solvent or white spirit) are intended for both interior and exterior use. There are distinct pairs that have a detrimental impact on human health when applying and drying. Malarus should wear protective gloves and a respirator, and work should be done in rooms with forced ventilation. Enamel is applied by hand or with a spray gun (pre-primed coatings have higher absorbent qualities).

Alkyd dyes

The foundation of emali is diluted alkyd varnish (glyftal or pentifal) with turpentine or white spirit. The composition consists of fillers (such as oils to improve the coating’s elasticity or sand or granite chips to create a rough layer) and pigments that determine the shade. Antiseptic additives are used in wooden structure emulsions to prevent fungal growth and rotting of the base.

Enamel

Paintable materials for concrete, wooden, plastic, and metal structures are available. Different kinds of pigments are dissolved in the varnish to alter the shade. It takes between 15 and 45 minutes for the smooth, glossy coating that results from polymerization to solidify. Both interior and exterior applications can benefit from enamel, which has the potential to contain rust-neutralizing ingredients. The layer is resistant to temperature fluctuations and atmospheric precipitation, and it can endure extended exposure to UV light.

Oil paints

Paints are made up of additives and organic or synthetic olifa, or oil, in which pigments are dissolved. Organic type solvents (such as turpentine, purified gasoline, or solvent) are used to increase fluidity. The materials are inexpensive in the end, but the solidification process takes several days. After 12 to 14 months, the oil-based artistic enamels dry. The coating becomes yellowish in color when exposed to air and sunlight.

• Paint and enamel;
• Alkyd and acrylic differences;
• Which paint is better latex or acrylic?
• Which paint is better acrylic or alkyd?
• What is the difference between acrylic enamel and acrylic paint;

Silicatical dyes

Enamel is a mineral that is based on liquid glass. utilized for painting office and residential building facades. The compositions are impervious to water erosion and external weather influences, but they are permeable to air and liquid vapor. It is advised to process absorbent materials with silicate soil prior to application. Dyes are not intended for use on smooth surfaces, such as metal, polished stone, or ceramics, and are not suitable for processing walls that have been painted with acrylic or alkyd enamels.

Choosing the appropriate paint for your project requires an understanding of the various paint types and their markings. Paints differ according to their finish (matte, satin, gloss), base (water or oil), and application (interior, exterior, specialty). Common varieties include latex, acrylic, enamel, and epoxy; each has special uses and advantages. Paint markings, which are frequently seen on labels, give crucial details about durability, drying times, and coverage, assisting you in making decisions. To make sure you select the ideal paint for your requirements, this guide will make sense of these divisions and labels.

Glue dyes

Improved adhesion is provided by the organic or synthetic materials found in adhesive materials. Allow manual application by rollers or pneumatic sprayers; used for internal work. Wet air and low resistance to water are the main drawbacks. Paints and glues are slowly destroyed by the liquid, so enamel is only suitable for outdoor structures.

Casein paints

The dyes are based on casein glue, an organic protein compound that has good adherence to brick and concrete walls (both unfinished and plastered). are characterized by a decreased resistance to external atmospheric phenomena and can have a variety of shades as a result of tinting (manually or computationally).

When applied to the facades, the initial color lasts for one to two years before progressively burning out and being washed away by sediments.

DECTIONS

One of the materials’ compositions is bone glue, which has a low resistance to moisture. Enamel can be applied to walls and ceilings with ease and is meant to last for up to six years in dry environments. They deteriorate and lose their vibrant hues when exposed to the carbon dioxide in the air. Mold focal points develop in poorly ventilated rooms as a result of the adhesive mass’s natural breakdown.

Glue paints

Traditional adhesive dyes don’t release any toxic fumes during painting or drying because they contain water-based glue. Their characteristics are similar to those of emulsion enamels, but they deteriorate when exposed to water and get destroyed by moist air. Designed to paint rooms with individual or centralized heating systems. They come in a powder form that needs to be diluted with water before applying; adding more pigment is permitted to alter the color.

Special dyes

To achieve a relief surface when painting facades or performing decorative work, unique enamels are utilized. Certain paints have specific uses, like creating seal prints or applying illustrations to clothing or paper using a typographic technique. The particulars of the task should be considered when choosing specialty dyes.

Structural

With the help of thickeners and insoluble powders, structural enamels let you create a rough finish that can be used to replicate things like water ripples or tree structures. Following polymerization, latex- and acrylic-based dyes are applied to the surface to provide the desired color scheme.

Pigment can be added to structural material prior to application, simplifying coloring technology and lowering painting or finishing costs.

Decorative

Paints intended for decoration are made to mimic unique finishes, such as those found on leather, antique wood, or natural stone. When added to the composition, pigments can shimmer in multiple shades or have a pearl or metallic effect. Vary in cost and require specific qualifications from the malyar; enamel is utilized indoors. Applying to the exterior of the houses causes them to quickly lose their original appearance; however, a layer of glossy, climate-resistant synthetic varnish makes up part of the shortfall.

Stamp

Particles, glycerin, and a solvent (water, alcohol, or solvent) are present in the materials. Applied to paper, they pierce deeply into the surface layers, making the etching process more difficult. Special foam pillows that are placed inside the stamp tray are painted with stamping paints. There are no harsh ingredients in the materials’ composition that ruin clichés.

For the facade

Paints and varnishes used on the building’s facade give it an unique appearance while shielding the walls from weather and mechanical damage. Acrylic, silicate, rubber, or emulsion bases can all be used for enamel. The coating has a maximum service life of seven to twenty years and should not be destroyed by ultraviolet radiation.

Materials for facades made of lime are worth using for short-term or inexpensive repairs.

Aerosol

Aerosol cylinders with a maximum capacity of one liter are used to package enamel with a water or synthetic basis for faster application. Shake the tank vigorously for two to three minutes prior to use, and then spray the material at a distance of two to three millimeters onto the surface. It is advised to apply two to three layers for a uniform coating; glossy or matte varnish is used for extra protection.

• Paint in spray can of metal;
• Acrylic paint in spray cans;
• Gold paint;
• Chrome paint;

Flex painting

Water, alcohols (such as isopropanol, which is substituted with ethanol), and paper, metal, or tissue surfaces are among the surfaces on which the materials are intended for printing. Binders, coloring additives, and additives to modify the layer’s properties (like elasticity or resistance to temperature changes) are all included in the composition. Materials include nitrocellulose, polyamide, or polyurethane resins; some enamels are extremely dangerous when it comes to fire.

Comparison of the presented compositions

Different spray materials have different basic bases as well as different pigment and solvent properties that affect drying times. Depending on the nature of the work, the owner of an apartment or residential building who has chosen to fix the property on their own must select enamel.

You have two options: refer to the factory instructions or speak with a consultant at a building supply store.

Scope of use

The base that is used determines the enamel’s scope:

1. Water -based paints are designed for external and internal work, but the characteristics of the coating should be taken into account. For example, emulsion materials are designed for coloring any surface, except for products covered with adhesive compositions or glossy enamel. Acrylic enamels are used for painting window frames and blocks, doorbells and paintings. Before applying, irregularities on the surfaces with putty are closed and a layer of soil is applied, which reduces the absorption abilities of plaster or wood.
2. Latex compositions are recommended to be used in rooms with high humidity (for example, in the bathroom or in the kitchen). To apply, use a roller or a spray.
3. For painting heating radiators, door and window blocks, alkyd enamel is used. The coating is characterized by increased strength, does not destroy with temperature deformations. It is allowed to use instead of alkyd enamels based on varnish, providing a smooth and shiny surface. All synthetic enamels distinguish toxic pairs, you should not use materials for painting children"s rooms.
4. Silicata compounds are designed to paint external surfaces. The alkali contained in them negatively affects the organs of vision and skin, so before performing work it is necessary to put on protective glasses and gloves. The coating does not protect the base from water, before application it is recommended to level the surfaces and close the cracks.
5. Special dyes are based on a water or synthetic basis, due to the introduction of additives have limited applicability. For example, aerosols are used for painting small products or in small repair.

Color palette

The manufacturer determines the range of colors available in paints and varnishes. When selling, manufacturers permit enamel tinting using water.

A portion of the pigment is added to the white material per the buyer’s request (a computer is used to select the pigments based on the RAL tables), and the mixture of the ingredients is done on a vibration stand. It is advised to prepare an enamel batch with wiggle room because a shade deviation may occur from repeated tinting. The synthetic base materials come ready to apply; however, the pigment is not included.

Advantages and disadvantages

The following are some advantages of water-based materials:

• Environmental friendliness (enamel does not distinguish harmful vapors, when painting and drying, a slight smell can be felt);
• resistance to alkaline solutions, moisture (multiple washing is allowed);
• the ability to maintain the original hue under the influence of sunlight;
• rapid polymerization (from 1 to 6 hours, depending on external conditions);
• simplicity of repainting and long service life.

Drawbacks identified by the Malyars:

• low resistance to low temperatures;
• Painting of surfaces with a glossy coating is not allowed;
• reduced mechanical strength (compared with enamels on the synthetic base).

The benefits of synthetic colors should be considered when using them:

• the durability of the coating that withstands strikes;
• lack of shrinkage during polymerization;
• The speed of hardening.

It’s important to keep in mind the weaknesses concurrently. Toxic vapors of solvents and resins, with a pungent and disagreeable odor, are released into the air during painting and drying. The resultant thick layer allows moisture vapor and air to pass through, allowing the wooden base to swell and decay. Because vapors in the air combine to form explosive mixtures, enamel is flaming. Additionally, one should consider the paintwork’s low resistance to the effects of alkaline solutions.

Your ability to select the appropriate paint for your project can be substantially improved by being aware of the different paint types and their unique markings. Paints are made for a variety of surfaces and situations and come in many forms. Whether painting furniture, walls, or outdoor structures, you can get the best results if you are familiar with these options.

Water-based paints, such as latex and acrylic, are well-liked for their speedy drying times and ease of application. These paints are perfect for ceilings and walls inside. Many homeowners find them to be a convenient option because they are simple to clean up with soap and water. Oil-based paints take longer to dry and require solvents for cleanup, despite being more resilient to wear. They are ideal for surfaces that require a strong, long-lasting finish and for high traffic areas.

Epoxy and other specialty paints offer special advantages for particular uses. Because of their hard, glossy finish, enamel paints are a great choice for cabinets, trim, and doors. Epoxy paints provide excellent durability and resistance to chemicals and abrasion; they are frequently used on floors and industrial surfaces. There are also primers, which are necessary for surface preparation, improved adhesion, and extended topcoat longevity.

Paint can labels contain important information about the properties and suggested applications of the product. You can be sure that you choose the ideal paint for your requirements by carefully reading and comprehending these labels. Coverage, drying times, and whether the paint is appropriate for indoor or outdoor use are all included in this. You can save time and effort by paying attention to these details, which will result in a painting project that is more successful.

The right paint type for the job is ultimately the key to a successful painting project. Knowing the different types and their markings will help you make an informed choice, regardless of whether you need the durability of oil-based options, the quick drying time of latex, or the specific advantages of specialty paints. Equipped with this understanding, you can approach your upcoming painting project with assurance and effortlessly accomplish polished outcomes.

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