Composition and use of puzzlanic cement based on volcanic ash

For centuries, people have used volcanic ash for a variety of purposes, including agriculture and construction. Making puzzlanic cement is one of its less well-known but extremely useful uses. Puzzlanic cement, which is made from volcanic ash, has special qualities that make it a popular choice for building projects all over the world.

Puzzlanic cement, which is mostly made of volcanic ash, goes through a unique production process that improves its binding capabilities. Puzzlanic cement, when combined with water and aggregates, creates a strong, long-lasting concrete that is highly resistant to environmental influences.

Puzzlanic cement is a more sustainable alternative to traditional Portland cement because it uses less limestone, which is necessary for its production. Furthermore, the environmental impact of conventional cement manufacturing processes is lessened by the use of volcanic ash in cement production.

The capacity of puzzlanic cement to enhance the long-term performance of concrete structures is one of its main benefits. Volcanic ash increases the resistance of puzzlanic cement-made concrete to chemical attacks, lowering the likelihood of deterioration over time.

Overall, for architects, engineers, and construction professionals looking for high-performance and sustainable building materials, it is essential to comprehend the composition and applications of puzzlanic cement, which is based on volcanic ash. We go deeper into the science underlying puzzlanic cement in this article, as well as its production method and range of uses in contemporary architecture.

Description of the material

Pozzolana is an additive used in contemporary cement types that is derived from volcanic ash, pumhes, and rocks. There are especially large Putzzolan reserves in Italy, close to Mount Vesuvius, and this is where the majority of the country’s Putzzolan production is concentrated. Plassulanic supplements do not have the unique hardness and cementing properties that cement does, but they do form new substances with excellent strength characteristics during a chemical reaction when they react with lime and water.

The powdered substance known as ready-made pozzolanic cement has a binder made of clinker and specific additives. It was initially produced in the United States at the close of the 20th century as a source of dependable and ecologically friendly building materials, according to contemporary technology. Puzzolanic cement is also known as hydraulic cement because of its high water-dispersed content.

Production technology

After mining in the career, the materials needed to make cement (clinker, gypsum, lime, and mineral additives) are transported to the processing location, where they are crushed separately in specialized crushers. After that, they are properly combined, filled into air balls, and ground once more. The composition is subsequently delivered to the cumulative bunkers. It is taken out in batches as needed, heated to +800–+1000 degrees, and then transferred to a technological rotating stove to be heated to +1450 degrees. Next, a rotary cooler fitted with putzzolan and gypsum connections is used to cool the powder.

When dealing with material that needs to be worked in large quantities, the components are thinly ground together and mixed together right away. On the construction site, a puzzlan Portland cement can also be prepared. An unique drying-toleous installation is utilized for this purpose. This technology lowers transportation costs and allows for the introduction of new fillers to alter the composition as needed. Nevertheless, it is only employed in the building of substantial objects.

Composition and types of cement

Present-day Portland cement clinker comprises 60–85% potzzolan cement; the remaining portion consists of excipients and active additives, the latter of which make up no more than 0.5–5% of the total. Active compounds are heavily reflected in the final product’s quality and properties. Apart from substances that are puzzlanic, the following is a list of the most commonly used additives:

• lime;
• domain slag;
• burned slate;
• pumice;
• ash;
• diatomite;
• microcracks, etc. D.

Cement can be classified as lime-zero, lime-clay, or classic puzzlan depending on the kind of additives added. This classic type of cement is the most widely used because of its high density (1.5 times higher than that of conventional materials), resistance to moisture, and water resistance.

This essay examines the ingredients and uses of puzzolanic cement, a kind of cement that contains volcanic ash. We explore its special qualities, like how it can lessen the environmental impact of concrete while simultaneously enhancing its strength and durability. This article seeks to offer a thorough guide for anyone interested in utilizing puzzolanic cement in paint and paintwork supplies, from comprehending its chemical composition to its useful applications in construction projects.

Technical characteristics of the material according to GOST

Several technical parameters and attributes of potzzolan Portland cement are closely monitored and controlled during its manufacturing process.

• Density-2.7-2.9 g/cube. cm;
• Cement mortar density-28-35%;
• volumetric weight in a loose state-800-1000 kg/cube. m, in a sealed state-120-1600 kg/cube. m;
• shrinkage for drying – less than 0.15%;
• The size (subtlety) of the structure is 300 kV. m/kg;
• compression strength after 3 days – 12 MPa, after 7 days – 22 MPa, after 28 days – up to 33 MPa;
• The beginning of the grasp is 30-45 minutes;
• completion of gravity – 12 hours;
• Complete curing – 28 days.

Strength

Cement gains its extremely high strength from the presence of calcium hydrilicate, which is created when cement and water combine. But over the course of 28 days, this indicator rises and reaches its maximum. When active silica and calcium oxide hydrate interact, as well as when the material is in a humid environment, acceleration happens.

Water consumption

Increased water consumption in cement causes its final solidification to occur more slowly. The amount of water needed will depend on the components used (you need less moisture when adding a tuf and the track, for example).

The use of puzzlanic cement

Due to the material’s resistance to moisture, it is essential for constructing structures that come into constant contact with water, including submerged ones. Extended exposure to moisture will only strengthen the structure. Therefore, the most common applications for puzzlanic cement are in the building of dams, underground storage, water pipelines, sewers, monolithic foundations on swampy soils, and hydraulic structures.

Furthermore, the material can be used to create concrete structures that are delayed and stressed. For added strength and moisture resistance, it can be added to the plaster and masonry solutions used outside the rooms. A few ornamental and artistic items are also constructed from the material. The composition should not be used when operating buildings in environments where they will frequently freeze, thaw, dry out, and moisten.

Advantages and disadvantages

When compared to traditional cement varieties, Portland cement with potzzolan offers numerous benefits.

• environmentally friendly composition, the use of natural processed raw materials for production;
• suitability for the manufacture of concrete, as well as for applying and reinforcing seams, for the preparation of plaster due to the subtlety of grinding;
• the low cost of Putzsolan, which positively affects the final price of cement;
• resistance to the action of fresh and mineralized (sulfate) waters;
• minimum shrinkage, low risk of cracks, cavities and cells;
• significant level of adhesion with building materials;
• strength, wear resistance, long service life;
• ease of processing;
• Light consumption of the mixture.

Among the puzzle’s shortcomings Portland cement, which influences when the formwork is removed, should be referred to as a reduced level of initial hardening. To breed the material, more water will be needed.

Because the activity of the components in cement decreases with extended storage, some of its properties deteriorate. Concrete will shrivel and distort if solidification takes place without the appropriate amount of moisture; this will lengthen the composition’s crystallization period.

Puzzolanic cement presents an intriguing substitute for conventional cement compositions, as it is derived from volcanic ash. The chemical reactions that take place when volcanic ash, lime, and water combine to form this substance’s distinctive qualities. As a result, a strong, long-lasting material appropriate for a range of building tasks is produced.

Puzzolanic cement’s capacity to increase the sturdiness and strength of concrete structures is one of its main benefits. It functions as an additional cementitious material, lowering the permeability of the concrete and minimizing the likelihood of water damage and cracking. This makes it the perfect option for buildings subjected to severe weather.

Moreover, puzzolanic cement helps the building sector’s sustainability initiatives. Compared to conventional Portland cement, it requires less energy to produce, which lowers carbon emissions. Utilizing volcanic ash, a byproduct of volcanic activity, also lessens the impact on the environment by lowering the requirement for raw material extraction.

To sum up, puzzolanic cement presents a viable option for robust and sustainable building. It is a useful addition to the variety of materials available to engineers and builders because of its distinct composition and qualities. We can build strong, long-lasting, and ecologically friendly structures by utilizing the power of volcanic ash, opening the door for more sustainable building practices in the future.

Video on the topic

Determination of cement activity. Part 1

Chemistry 51. The chemical composition of cement. Crystallogrates – Academy of Entertaining Sciences

Carbon fiber – Victor Avdeev / Postnuka

Cement

Portland cement. Properties and features of Portland cement. The main parameter of cement.

Determination of cement activity. Part 2